一 安装nginx fastcgi 简介
1 nginx是一个个高性能的 HTTP 和反向代理服务器，并且nginx 占用的系统资源更少 2 xcache 是一个开源的opcode 缓存器/优化器，能提高服务器上的php 性能，xcache 通过把编译PHP后的数据缓冲到共享内存从而避免重复编译过程，能够直接使用 缓冲区已编译的代码从而提高速度，降低服务器的负载. 3 gperftools 是google 开发的一款优秀的LinuxC/C++ 程序的性能剖析及优化工具，他提供了将目标程序运行时所消耗的CPU 时间片进行剖析和图形输出剖析结果的功能。 gperftools 包含四个工具， 分别是：TCMalloc,heap-checker,heap-profiler和cpu-profiler,TCMalloc是gperftools其中一个工具，由于优化C++写的多线程应用，与标准的glibc库的malloc 相比， TCMalloc 自啊内存的分配效率和速度要高， 可以在高并发的情况下很好的控制内存的使用，提供服务器的性能，降低负载. 4 所需软件 libunwind-1.0.1.tar.gz gperftools-2.0.tar.gz pcre-8.31.tar.gz nginx-1.2.5.tar.gz #nginx 第三方模块，开启nginx etag，默认情况下nginx 是没有该模块的 nginx-static-etags-master.zip php-5.3.19.tar.gz xcache-3.0.0.tar.gz mysql-5.0.91.tar.gz
二 libunwind 安装配置
#tar -zxvf libunwind-1.0.1.tar.gz #cd libunwind-1.0.1/ #CFLAGS=-fPIC ./configure #make CFLAGS=-fPIC #make CFLAGS=-fPIC install 注：libunwind 库为基于64位CPU和操作系统的程序提供了基本的堆栈辗转开解功能，其中包括用于输出堆栈跟踪的API、 用于以编程方式辗转开解堆栈的API以及支持C++异常处理机制的API
三 gperftools安装配置
1 #tar xf gperftools-2.0.tar.gz #cd gperftools-2.0 #./configure --enable-frame-pointers #make && make install 注：如果是32位系统,可以不添加 –enable-frame-pointers，如果是64位系统，并且之前没有安装libunwind， 那么一定要添加 –enable-frame-pointers 参数
四 pcre 安装
#tar xf pcre-8.31.tar.gz #cd pcre-8.31 #./configure && make && make install
五 nginx 安装配置
1 #tar xf nginx-1.2.5.tar.gz #cd nginx-1.2.5 # useradd -s /sbin/noloin nginx #./configure --user=nginx --group=nginx --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-google_perftools_module --with-pcre --without-mail_pop3_module --without-mail_imap_module --without-mail_smtp_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --add-module=../nginx-static-etags-master #make && make install 2 nginx 配置优化 #vim nginx.conf user nginx nginx ; worker_processes 12; error_log logs/error.log notice; pid logs/nginx.pid; #使用google_perftools优化nginx 内存使用 google_perftools_profiles /tmp/tcmalloc; worker_cpu_affinity 000000000001 000000000010 0000000000100 000000001000 000000010000 000000100000 000001000000 000010000000 000100000000 001000000000 010000000000 100000000000; worker_rlimit_nofile 819200; events { use epoll; worker_connections 8000; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; #定义nginx 日志格式 log_format main '$remote_addr $host $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; access_log logs/access.log main; #charst charset UTF-8; server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; client_header_buffer_size 2k; large_client_header_buffers 4 128k; client_max_body_size 8m; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; server_tokens off; #keepalive_timeout 0; keepalive_timeout 120; #gzip on; gzip on; gzip_proxied any; gzip_min_length 1k; gzip_buffers 4 16k; gzip_http_version 1.1; gzip_comp_level 3; gzip_types text/plain text/css text/xml text/javascript application/x-javascript charset=utf-8 application/x-java-archive application/xml p_w_picpath/gif p_w_picpath/png p_w_picpath/jpeg p_w_picpath/tiff p_w_picpath/x-ms-bmp application/x-shockwave-flash ; gzip_vary on; #fastcgi set #设置连接后端fastcgi 超时时间 fastcgi_connect_timeout 180; #设置FastCGI传送请求的超时时间 fastcgi_send_timeout 300; #设置 接收FastCGI应答的超时时间 fastcgi_read_timeout 300; #设置于指定读取FastCGI应答第一部分需要多大的缓冲区，这个值表示将使用1个64KB的缓冲区读取应答的第一部分（应答头） # ，可以设置为fastcgi_buffers选项指定的缓冲区大小。 fastcgi_buffer_size 128k; #指定本地需要用多少和多大的缓冲区来缓冲FastCGI的应答请求。如果一个PHP脚本所产生的页面大小为256KB， #那么会为其分配4个64KB的缓冲区来缓存；如果页面大小大于256KB，那么大于256KB的部分会缓存到fastcgi_temp 指定的路径中，但是这并不是好方法，因为内存中的数据处理速度要快于硬盘。 一般这个值应该为站点中PHP脚本所产生的页面大小的中间值，如果站点大部分脚本所产生的页面大小为256KB， 那么可以把这个值设置为“16 16k”、“4 64k”等。 fastcgi_buffers 4 256k; fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 256k; #表示在写入缓存文件时使用多大的数据块，默认值是fastcgi_buffers的两倍 fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256k; fastcgi_intercept_errors on; fastcgi_ignore_client_abort on ; server { listen 80; server_name ad.frank.com.cn; #设置只允许访问域名，非域名返回403错误 if ($host !~ 'ad.frank.com.cn') { return 403; } index index.php index.html index.htm ; root /usr/local/nginx/html; #charset koi8-r; charset UTF-8; #设置允许访问openx 管理后台的IP 地址 location ^~ /www/admin/ { allow 192.168.1.0/24; allow 127.0.0.1; deny all; location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$ { fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; include fastcgi_params; } } #设置查看Xcache 状态及允许访问的IP 地址 #set Xcache status location ^~ /xcache/ { allow 192.168.1.0/24; deny all; location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$ { fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; include fastcgi_params; } } #设置php-fpm 的状态页面及允许访问的IP #set php-fpm status location ^~ /(status)$ { allow 192.168.1.0/24; deny all; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; include fastcgi_params; } #access_log logs/host.access.log main; location / { root /usr/local/nginx/html; index index.php index.html index.htm; } #error_page 404 /404.html; #定义nginx 40X 错误页面 error_page 400 = ; error_page 403 = ; error_page 404 = ; #定义 nginx 50X 错误页面 # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html error_page 500 = ; error_page 501 = ; error_page 502 = ; error_page 503 = ; #设置吧php 代理到 php-fpm # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000 location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$ { root html; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; include fastcgi_params; } #设置在浏览器中缓存的文件类型及时间 location ~.*\.(jpg|js|css|png|bmp|jpeg|gif|swf)$ { #设置防盗链，非允许的域名，返回404错误 valid_referers none blocked *.frank.com.cn; if ($invalid_referer) { return 404; } root html; expires 360d; #开启nginx etag 标签 FileETag on; etag_format "%X%X"; } #设置产看nginx 运行状态及允许访问的IP 地址 #Nginx status location ~^/NginxStatus { allow 192.168.1.0/24; deny all; stub_status on; access_log off; if ( -d $request_filename){ rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ permanent; } } } } 3 配置nginx service启动脚本，并添加开启自动启动 #vim /etc/init.d/nginx #!/bin/sh # # nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemin # # chkconfig: - 85 15 # description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \ # proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server # processname: nginx # config: /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf # pidfile: /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid # Source function library. . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions # Source networking configuration. . /etc/sysconfig/network # Check that networking is up. [ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0 nginx="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx" prog=$(basename $nginx) NGINX_CONF_FILE="/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf" lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx start() { [ -x $nginx ] || exit 5 [ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6 echo -n $"Starting $prog: " daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE retval=$? echo [ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile return $retval } stop() { echo -n $"Stopping $prog: " killproc $prog -QUIT retval=$? echo [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile return $retval } restart() { configtest || return $? stop start } reload() { configtest || return $? echo -n $"Reloading $prog: " killproc $nginx -HUP RETVAL=$? echo } force_reload() { restart } configtest() { $nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE } rh_status() { status $prog } rh_status_q() { rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1 } case "$1" in start) rh_status_q && exit 0 $1 ;; stop) rh_status_q || exit 0 $1 ;; restart|configtest) $1 ;; reload) rh_status_q || exit 7 $1 ;; force-reload) force_reload ;; status) rh_status ;; condrestart|try-restart) rh_status_q || exit 0 ;; *) echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}" exit 2 esac #chmod 700 /etc/init.d/nginx #chkconfig --add nginx #chkconfig nginx on 4 nginx 日志切割,并把其添加到crontable 中让其每天零点零分运行 #cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin #vim cut.nginx.log.sh #!/bin/bash # ## logs_path="/usr/local/nginx/logs/" if [ ! -d "$logs_path$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")" ] then mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m") fi mv ${logs_path}access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/access_$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").log kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid` cd ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m") gzip -9 access_$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").log 六 mysql 安装配置
1 创建mysql 用户 #groupadd mysql #useradd -g mysql mysql 2 编译安装mysql #tar zxvf mysql-5.0.91.tar.gz #cd mysql-5.0.91#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --localstatedir=/var/lib/mysql --with-plugins=innobase --with-mysqld-user=mysql --without-debug --with-big-tables --with-charset=utf8 --with-extra-charsets=all --with-pthread --enable-static --enable-thread-safe-client --with-unix-socket-path=/var/lib /mysql/mysql.sock #make&&make install 3 初始化mysql #cd /usr/local/mysql #bin/mysql_install_db –user=mysql #chown –R root:mysql . #chown –R mysql /var/lib/mysql #cp share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf #cp share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld #chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld #chkconfig –add mysqld #chkconfig mysqld on 4 优化mysql 配置，再次省略了
七 libmcrypt 安装配置
#tar xf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz #./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libmcrypt #make && make install
八 libiconv 安装配置
#tar xf libiconv-1.14.tar.gz #cd libiconv-1.14 #./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libiconv #make && make install
九 php 安装配置
1 #tar xf php-5.3.19.tar.gz #cd php-5.3.19 #./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir --enable-xml --disable-debug --enable-fpm --enable-mbstring --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-sockets --with-xmlrpc --with-mhash --with-mcrypt=/usr/local/libmcrypt/ --with-mysqli=/usr/bin/mysql_config --with-mysql --enable-zend-multibyte --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local/libiconv/ #make && make install 2 #cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini 3 配置service启动php-fpm 的脚本 #cd sapi/fpm #cp init.d.php-fpm.in /etc/init.d/php-fpm #chmod 700 /etc/init.d/php-fpm #chkconfig --add php-fpm #chkconfig php-fpm on 4 开启php 的短标签，并修改php 的时区 #vim php.ini #开启php 短标签 short_open_tag = On #设置php时区 date.timezone = Asia/Hong_Kong 5 优化php-fpm #cd /usr/local/php/etc #cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf 修改下面的参数， 并取消注释 #php-fpm进程文件 pid = run/php-fpm.pid #设定php-fpm日志级别 log_level =notice #设定php-fpm 子进程最大数目 process.max = 300 #设定 master process 打开的文件数目 rlimit_files = 819200 #指定fpm mechanism event 方式 events.mechanism = epoll #指定php-fpm 运行的用户 user = nginx group = nginx #指定php-fpm 监听的端口 listen = 127.0.0.1:9000 #指定 php-fpm 监听的队列长度，默认情况下是不限制的 listen.backlog = 2048 #设定允许访问PHP-fpm 的IP 地址 listen.allowed_clients = 127.0.0.1 #指定php-fpm 的运行方式，分为static 和dynamic两种 pm = dynamic # 设定最大的子进程 pm.max_children = 300 #设定php-fpm启动是，开启的子进程数目 pm.start_servers = 65 #设定php-fpm 最小空闲进程数目 pm.min_spare_servers = 50 #设定php-fpm，最大空闲进程数目 pm.max_spare_servers = 80 #设定每个子进程处理的请求数 pm.max_requests = 1000 #设定查看php-fpm运行状态 pm.status_path = /status ping.path = /ping ping.response = pong #设定响应超时时间 request_slowlog_timeout = 30(s) # 设定slow request 日志文件 slowlog = /usr/local/php/var/log/$pool.slow.log
十 xcache 安装配置
1 #tar xf xcache-3.0.0.tar.gz #cd xcache-3.0.0 #/usr/local/php/bin/phpize --clean #/usr/local/php/bin/phpize #./configure --enable-xcache --enable-xcache-optimizer --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config #make && make install 2 在php配置文件尾部添加xcache 的配置文件，内容如下 ;;Xcache ;; this is an example, it won't work unless properly configured into php.ini ;[xcache-common] ;;; non-Windows example: # 加载xcache.so模块路径 extension = /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/xcache.so ;;; Windows example: ;; extension = php_xcache.dll ; ;[xcache.admin] #设置xcache 管理界面（在此用户名和密码都是frank, 在此处设置的密码为md5 加密后的密码,md5为php计算出来的) xcache.admin.enable_auth = On xcache.admin.user = "frank" ;; set xcache.admin.pass = md5($your_password) ;; login use $your_password xcache.admin.pass = "712e5d9c46784262937bc4b2215c3beb" ; ;[xcache] ;; ini only settings, all the values here is default unless explained ; ;; select low level shm/allocator scheme implemenation xcache.shm_scheme = "mmap" ;; to disable: xcache.size=0 ;; to enable : xcache.size=64M etc (any size > 0) and your system mmap allows xcache.size = 64M ;; set to cpu count (cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep -c processor) xcache.count = 12 ;; just a hash hints, you can always store count(items) > slots xcache.slots = 4K ;; ttl of the cache item, 0=forever xcache.ttl = 0 ;; interval of gc scanning expired items, 0=no scan, other values is in seconds xcache.gc_interval = 0 ; ;; same as aboves but for variable cache xcache.var_size = 4M xcache.var_count = 12 xcache.var_slots = 4K ;; default value for $ttl parameter of xcache_*() functions xcache.var_ttl = 0 ;; hard limit ttl that cannot be exceed by xcache_*() functions. 0=unlimited xcache.var_maxttl = 0 xcache.var_gc_interval = 300 ; ;; mode:0, const string specified by xcache.var_namespace ;; mode:1, $_SERVER[xcache.var_namespace] ;; mode:2, uid or gid (specified by xcache.var_namespace) ;xcache.var_namespace_mode = 0 ;xcache.var_namespace = "" ; ;; N/A for /dev/zero ;xcache.readonly_protection = Off ;; for *nix, xcache.mmap_path is a file path, not directory. (auto create/overwrite) ;; Use something like "/tmp/xcache" instead of "/dev/*" if you want to turn on ReadonlyProtection ;; different process group of php won't share the same /tmp/xcache ;; for win32, xcache.mmap_path=anonymous map name, not file path xcache.mmap_path = "/dev/zero" ; ; ;; leave it blank(disabled) or "/tmp/phpcore/" ;; make sure it's writable by php (open_basedir is not checked) ;xcache.coredump_directory = "" ;; disable cache after crash ;xcache.disable_on_crash = Off ; ;; enable experimental documented features for each release if available ;xcache.experimental = Off ; ;; per request settings. can ini_set, .htaccess etc xcache.cacher = On xcache.stat = On ;xcache.optimizer = Off ; ;[xcache.coverager] ;; enabling this feature will impact performance ;; enabled only if xcache.coverager == On && xcache.coveragedump_directory == "non-empty-value" ; ;; per request settings. can ini_set, .htaccess etc ;; enable coverage data collecting and xcache_coverager_start/stop/get/clean() functions ;xcache.coverager = Off ;xcache.coverager_autostart = On ; ;; set in php ini file only ;; make sure it's readable (open_basedir is checked) by coverage viewer script ;xcache.coveragedump_directory = "" 3 重启php-fpm #service php-fpm stop #service php-fpm start